Solubility Of C-Amphetamine In Ethyl Alcohol: What's The Verdict?

The solubility of a substance depends on the interaction between the solute and the solvent. The general rule is that polar solutes tend to dissolve in polar solvents, while non-polar solutes tend to dissolve in non-polar solvents. Amphetamine (C9H13N) has a solubility of 0.0165 g/mL in ethyl alcohol at 25°C. Despite having a polar amine group, amphetamine's large hydrocarbon structure makes it predominantly non-polar, leading to its insolubility in ethyl alcohol, which is a polar solvent.

Amphetamine has a polar group, but it's non-polar overall

Amphetamine, C₉H₁₃N, has a solubility of 0.0165 g/mL in ethyl alcohol at 25°C. It contains one benzene ring and one amine group. While the amine group makes the compound polar, the benzene ring and large hydrocarbon chain overwhelm the polarity and make amphetamine non-polar overall.

Amphetamine's structure can be understood as a key. The compound has a 6 carbon atom ring attached to a carbon chain, which functions as a backbone. The carbon chain has two groups attached to it: an amine group, which has a nitrogen atom and two hydrogen atoms, and a methyl group, which is made up of a carbon atom attached to three hydrogens. The ring is like the large round part of a key, the carbon chain is the straight side, and the two groups coming off the chain are like the jagged notches that fit into the lock.

The amine group gives amphetamine its polar characteristics. Polar molecules, like water, have a positively charged area and a negatively charged area. In contrast, non-polar molecules, like amphetamine, have an equal distribution of charge, making the molecule neutral.

Despite having a polar group, amphetamine is considered non-polar due to its large hydrocarbon structure. This non-polarity makes amphetamine insoluble in ethyl alcohol, which is a polar solvent. The principle of 'like dissolves like' explains that polar solutes tend to dissolve in polar solvents, while non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents. Amphetamine's non-polar nature is similar to that of naphthalene, which is also insoluble in water due to its non-polarity.

Ethyl alcohol is polar

The solubility of a substance depends on the interaction between the solute and the solvent. Generally, polar solutes tend to dissolve in polar solvents, while non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents.

Ethyl alcohol, also known as ethanol, is a polar substance. This is due to its functional group, which gives it a short carbon chain and a very electronegative element. As a result, it is miscible with water, a polar solvent.

Amphetamine (C9H13N), on the other hand, is non-polar. Although it has a polar amine group, its benzene ring and large hydrocarbon chain overwhelm the polarity and make it predominantly non-polar.

Since ethyl alcohol is polar and amphetamine is non-polar, the amphetamine is insoluble in ethyl alcohol. This can be explained by the principle that "like dissolves like". In other words, polar substances tend to dissolve in polar solvents, while non-polar substances tend to dissolve in non-polar solvents.

'Like dissolves like'

Amphetamine, C₉H₁₃N, has a solubility of 0.0165 g/mL in ethyl alcohol at 25°C. Amphetamine contains one benzene ring and one amine group. The amine group makes the compound polar, but the benzene ring and hydrocarbon chain overwhelm the polarity and make it predominantly non-polar. As a result, amphetamine is non-polar and insoluble in ethyl alcohol, which is polar. This is an example of the principle that "like dissolves like".

The solubility of substances depends on the interactions between the solute (the substance being dissolved) and the solvent (the substance doing the dissolving). "Like dissolves like" is a useful rule for predicting whether a solute will be soluble in a solvent. This rule is based on the polarity of the substances involved. Polar solutes tend to dissolve in polar solvents, while non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents. This is because the molecules of a solute will only dissolve in a solvent if they experience the same intermolecular forces.

For example, NaCl is a polar substance because it is composed of ions, so it dissolves in water, which is also polar. However, NaCl does not dissolve in oil, which is non-polar. Similarly, nonpolar wax dissolves in nonpolar hexane but not in polar water.

The "like dissolves like" rule can be applied to liquid mixtures, which are common in many fields, including food, pharmaceuticals, and environmental science. For example, carbonated sodas contain carbon dioxide gas (CO2), a nonpolar compound, dissolved in a sugar-water solution. To keep as much gas in the solution as possible, sodas are kept under pressure.

In summary, the "like dissolves like" rule is a simple way to predict which compounds will dissolve in other compounds. It is based on the polarity of the substances and the types of intermolecular forces involved. However, it is important to note that even some nonpolar substances can dissolve in water to a limited degree, such as oxygen gas, which is how fish are able to breathe.

Amphetamine's solubility in ethyl alcohol is 0.0165 g/mL at 25°C

Amphetamine, C9H13N, has a solubility of 0.0165 g/mL in ethyl alcohol at a temperature of 25°C. This means that 1 mL of ethyl alcohol can dissolve 0.0165 grams of amphetamine at this specific temperature.

The solubility of a substance depends on the interactions between the solute and the solvent. An important principle to remember is the "like dissolves like" rule. This means that polar solutes tend to dissolve in polar solvents, while non-polar solutes tend to dissolve in non-polar solvents.

Amphetamine has a polar amine group (-NH2) in its structure. However, the presence of a benzene ring and a hydrocarbon chain overwhelms the polarity contributed by the amine group, making amphetamine predominantly non-polar. On the other hand, ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) is a polar solvent due to its alcohol functional group (-OH).

According to the "like dissolves like" rule, since amphetamine is non-polar and ethyl alcohol is polar, amphetamine is expected to be insoluble in ethyl alcohol. This is indeed the case, as indicated by the low solubility value of 0.0165 g/mL.

Therefore, while amphetamine has some solubility in ethyl alcohol at 25°C, it is considered relatively insoluble due to the difference in polarity between the two substances.

Amphetamine is insoluble in ethyl alcohol

Amphetamine, or C₉H₁₃N, is insoluble in ethyl alcohol. This is due to the compound's overall non-polarity, which prevents it from dissolving in polar solvents like ethyl alcohol.

Amphetamine contains one benzene ring and one amine group. While the amine group lends polarity to the compound, the benzene ring and large hydrocarbon chain overwhelm this characteristic, making amphetamine predominantly non-polar.

On the other hand, ethyl alcohol is a polar substance due to its alcohol functional group. In chemistry, the principle of 'like dissolves like' is often applied to determine solubility. This means that polar solutes tend to dissolve in polar solvents, while non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents.

As amphetamine is non-polar and ethyl alcohol is polar, amphetamine is insoluble in ethyl alcohol. This relationship between the two substances can be understood and predicted based on their chemical structures and properties.

It is important to note that solubility is a complex topic in chemistry, and that other factors can influence the solubility of a substance beyond its polarity. However, in the case of amphetamine and ethyl alcohol, the polarity of the substances is the primary factor determining their solubility behavior.

Frequently asked questions