Arielle Cruz
Nigeria's alcohol consumption rate is a cause for concern, according to a 2023 World Health Organization (WHO) report. The report, which covers 2019 to 2022, reveals that while alcohol consumption in Africa dropped by 18%, Nigeria's estimated per capita consumption was 12.28 litres in 2016, significantly higher than the African regional average of 6.5 litres. Beer is the most popular alcoholic drink in the country, but traditional beverages like palm wine, burukutu, ogogoro, and pito are also widely consumed. The WHO data also highlights a gender disparity, with Nigerian men consuming 2.2 litres of pure alcohol per capita, compared to 8.7 litres for women.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Alcohol consumption per capita in 2016 | 12.28 litres |
| Average consumption in the African region | 6.5 litres |
| Consumption per capita in 2019 | 5.5 litres |
| Consumption by men | 2.2 litres |
| Consumption by women | 8.7 litres |
| Drop in consumption in Africa between 2019 and 2022 | 18% |
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What You'll Learn
Nigeria's alcohol consumption per capita in 2019 was 5.5 litres
While the consumption of alcohol in Africa has decreased by 18% between 2019 and 2022, the dangers associated with alcohol remain prevalent. Alcohol abuse is linked to severe health risks, including liver cirrhosis, liver diseases, and high blood pressure, which is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. In Nigeria, it is estimated that alcohol consumption contributes to 13.5% of all deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the regions with the highest alcohol consumption per capita are the European Region (9.2 litres) and the Region of the Americas (7.5 litres). The WHO's 2023 report also ranks Uganda among the leading countries for its high rate of alcohol consumption, with Ugandans consuming an estimated 12.2 litres of alcohol per person annually.
Nigeria's alcohol consumption per capita figure of 5.5 litres in 2019 is lower than the average consumption in the African region, which was estimated to be 6.5 litres in 2016. However, it is important to note that the WHO data on alcohol consumption in Nigeria is based on a three-year average of 2017, 2018, and 2019, and the country's alcohol consumption rates may have fluctuated during this period.
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Men consume more alcohol than women
Nigeria's alcohol consumption per capita was estimated at 12.28 litres in 2016, which is significantly higher than the average consumption in the African region, which was 6.5 litres. In 2019, the total consumption dropped to 5.5 litres of pure alcohol per capita for people aged 15 and above.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), men consume more alcohol than women. In Nigeria, men consumed 2.2 litres of alcohol per capita, while women consumed 8.7 litres. This trend is not unique to Nigeria, as global statistics show that males consume more alcohol and account for more alcohol-related harm to themselves and others than females. For instance, in the United States, 68% of males and 64% of females drink each year, with males drinking nearly three times as much pure alcohol per year (19.0 litres) compared to females (6.7 litres). Similarly, in 2016, 54% of males and 32% of females aged 15 and older worldwide consumed alcohol. That year, alcohol caused approximately 3 million deaths, with 2.3 million being men and 0.7 million being women.
The gender gap in alcohol consumption has been narrowing over time, with alcohol use among males declining more rapidly than among females. This is particularly evident in the adolescent and emerging adult populations, where females are drinking and getting drunk at higher rates than their male peers. This shift may be attributed to various factors, including increased stress and anxiety, targeted marketing towards women, and changing gender roles.
The impact of alcohol consumption on health is not equal between men and women. Women's bodies respond differently to alcohol due to variations in body fat, alcohol dehydrogenase, and water levels. As a result, women experience a more dramatic physiological response to alcohol and are more susceptible to alcohol-induced liver inflammation, cardiovascular disease, memory blackouts, hangovers, and certain cancers. Additionally, women who drink excessively are more prone to developing addiction and other medical issues faster than men, a phenomenon known as "telescoping."
While the gender gap in alcohol consumption is narrowing, it is important to note that men still consume more alcohol and experience more alcohol-related injuries and deaths than women. The social, cultural, and biological factors influencing alcohol consumption patterns vary between men and women, and targeted prevention strategies are necessary to address the unique health risks associated with alcohol consumption for each gender.
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Beer is the most popular drink in Nigeria
Nigeria has a variety of beverages, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic, that are enjoyed across the country. Alcoholic beverages have been consumed in Nigeria for a long time. According to a WHO report, the total alcohol consumption in Nigeria was 5.5 litres of pure alcohol per capita for people aged 15 and above in 2019. The report also highlighted the gender disparity in alcohol consumption, with men consuming more than women.
Beer is the most popular alcoholic drink in Nigeria, with the country ranking 18th in the world for beer consumption. The Nigerian beer market is influenced by factors such as taste, brand visibility, and price. Consumers value "great taste," with 63% choosing brands for their flavour profiles and aftertaste. Brand loyalty is also evident, with 60% of beer drinkers sticking to their preferred brand. Hero and Heineken are the top two preferred brands, with consumers also choosing specific beers for their perceived health benefits or prestige.
While beer is the most consumed alcoholic beverage, other alcoholic drinks are also popular. Spirits, such as vodka and similar distilled beverages, are consumed in Nigeria, and this market is growing.
Non-alcoholic drinks are also widely consumed in Nigeria, and some of the most popular include kunu, a drink made from millet and spices, and its variations like Kunu Gyada and Kunu Acha, which are rich in protein, fibre, and vitamins. Fruit juices and smoothies are also common, especially during hot weather, with coconut water, sour sop juice, and chilled yogurt drinks being popular choices. Coffee is another beverage growing in popularity in Nigeria, often consumed as a breakfast beverage for its energizing properties.
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Traditional beverages are still widely consumed
Nigeria's alcohol consumption has been a cause for concern, with a recorded consumption of 5.5 litres of pure alcohol per capita for people aged 15 and above in 2019. In 2016, the estimated total per capita was 12.28 litres, higher than the average consumption in the African region, which was 6.5 litres.
Despite the prevalence of alcohol consumption in Nigeria, traditional beverages are still widely consumed and loved by the locals. These drinks are deeply rooted in Nigerian culture and offer a unique taste of the country's heritage. Here are some popular traditional beverages that Nigerians enjoy:
Zobo
Zobo is a beloved drink in Nigeria, known for its tangy, fruity, and slightly floral taste. It is made from dried hibiscus flowers and often mixed with ginger, pineapple, or cloves, giving it a spicy kick. Zobo is commonly consumed during hot weather, and its health benefits, such as boosting immunity and aiding digestion, make it even more popular. You can find Zobo everywhere in Nigeria, from street stalls to family gatherings.
Kunu
Kunu is a favourite drink in the northern regions of Nigeria, offering a unique taste unlike any other beverage. There are different variations of Kunu, including Kunu Zaki, made from millet and spices, and Kunu Acha, made from acha (fonio) grains. Both variations are highly nutritious, packed with protein, fibre, vitamins, and minerals. Kunu is often flavoured with spices like ginger, cloves, and cinnamon, making it a delightful and healthy choice for Nigerians.
Fura da Nono
Fura da Nono is a traditional drink from northern Nigeria, commonly consumed as a breakfast beverage. It is a blend of millet balls (fura) and fermented milk (nono), creating a creamy, thick, and rich drink. Fura da Nono is often flavoured with spices like ginger and provides both nourishment and a filling snack, making it a popular choice in the region.
Chapman
Chapman is a fruity cocktail that has become one of the most popular beverages in Nigeria. It is a mix of soda and other ingredients, often garnished with slices of cucumber, lemon, and orange. Chapman is the go-to drink for social gatherings and celebrations, adding a touch of refreshment and festivity to any occasion.
Palm Wine and Ogogoro
Palm wine is a natural and earthy-tasting drink that holds a special place in Nigerian culture, especially at traditional ceremonies. Ogogoro, also known as "local gin," is made from distilled palm wine and has a strong alcoholic kick. It is popular in the southern regions of Nigeria and is often sipped in small quantities due to its bold flavour.
In addition to these traditional drinks, Nigerians also enjoy a variety of non-alcoholic beverages, such as ginger beer, fruit smoothies, coconut water, and chilled yogurt drinks. These drinks provide refreshment during hot weather and offer a range of flavours that cater to different tastes.
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Alcohol consumption in Africa dropped by 18% from 2019-2022
Alcohol consumption in Africa witnessed a notable decrease from 2019 to 2022, registering an 18% drop, according to a WHO report. This reduction in alcohol consumption aligns with broader improvements in population health across the world. The report also highlights a decline in child and maternal mortality, along with a decrease in infectious diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria.
While the drop in alcohol consumption is encouraging, alcohol continues to pose significant health risks in Africa. The continent faces a growing burden of harmful alcohol consumption, leading to premature deaths and disabilities. Alcohol is a major contributor to risky sexual behaviours, unintended pregnancies, and the spread of STIs such as HPV and HIV. It is also linked to a range of health issues, including liver cirrhosis, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases.
Nigeria, for instance, has been flagged by the WHO for its high alcohol consumption. In 2016, the estimated total per capita consumption was 12.28 litres, significantly higher than the African regional average of 6.5 litres. The latest data from 2019 shows a slight decrease to 5.5 litres of pure alcohol per capita for individuals aged 15 and above. However, this still contributes to health concerns, with alcohol-related cardiovascular diseases causing an estimated 13.5% of all deaths in Nigeria.
The gender gap in alcohol consumption also persists, with WHO data indicating that men consume more alcohol per capita than women. In Nigeria, men consume 2.2 litres of alcohol, compared to 8.7 litres for women. The harmful use of alcohol extends beyond the individual, impacting family, friends, and society at large. It increases the risk of violence, road clashes and collisions, resulting in injuries and fatalities, especially among younger age groups.
While the 18% drop in alcohol consumption in Africa is a positive step, addressing the harmful effects of alcohol remains crucial. The WHO report underscores the need to improve access to essential health services and reduce exposure to health risks, including alcohol consumption, to foster continued progress in population health.
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Frequently asked questions
Nigeria's alcohol consumption per capita is a cause for concern, according to a WHO report. In 2016, the estimated total per capita was 12.28 litres, which is higher than the average consumption for the African region, which is 6.5 litres.
The average consumption for the African region is 6.5 litres.
Some of the dangers of alcohol consumption in Nigeria include liver cirrhosis, liver disease, and high blood pressure, which is linked to cardiovascular disease.
According to the WHO report, men consume more alcohol per capita than women. Men consume 2.2 litres, while women consume 8.7 litres.
