Vivian Marlowe
Cyclohexanol is an organic compound with the formula HOCH(CH2)5. It is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in the air, typically using cobalt catalysts. This chemical process produces cyclohexanol, a secondary alcohol, and cyclohexanone, a ketone. Together, these form KA oil, which is used in the production of adipic acid, a key component in the synthesis of nylon. Cyclohexanol is also used in the production of varnishes, lacquers, soaps, and other organic compounds. So, is cyclohexanol an alkane, alkene, or alcohol?
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | C6H11OH |
| Molecular Formula | HOCH(CH2)5 |
| State | Solid |
| Colour | Colourless |
| Odour | Camphor-like |
| Melting Point | 25.2°C |
| Boiling Point | 161.1°C |
| Solubility in Water | 37.5 g/L at 25°C |
| Specific Gravity | 0.96 g/cc |
| Type of Alcohol | Secondary Alcohol |
| Production Process | Oxidation of Cyclohexane, Direct Hydration of Cyclohexene |
| Uses | Precursor to Nylon, Stabilizer, Plasticizer, Solvent |
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What You'll Learn
Cyclohexanol is an alcohol
Cyclohexanol, also known as cyclohexan-1-ol, 1-cyclohexanol, Naxol, hexahydrophenol, cyclohexyl alcohol, hydroxycyclohexane, Hyddralin, and hexalin, is a type of alcohol. It is formed when one hydrogen atom on the cyclohexane ring is replaced by a hydroxyl group (-OH). This hydroxyl group is what defines cyclohexanol as a secondary alcohol.
Cyclohexanol is an organic compound with the formula HOCH(CH2)5. It is related to cyclohexane, a cyclic alkane with the formula C6H12, which undergoes oxidation in the air to produce cyclohexanol. This process typically involves the use of a cobalt catalyst and results in the formation of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, a mixture known as KA oil (ketone-alcohol oil).
The oxidation of cyclohexane involves the following chemical reaction:
2C6H12 + O2 -> 2C6H11OH
In this reaction, the two C6H12 molecules represent cyclohexane, O2 represents oxygen, and the product on the right, C6H11OH, is cyclohexanol.
Cyclohexanol is a deliquescent, colorless solid with a camphor-like odor. It has a relatively low melting point of 25.2°C, at which point it melts into a syrupy, viscous liquid. Its boiling point is 161.1°C. Cyclohexanol is soluble in water, with a solubility of 37.5 g/L at 25°C.
Cyclohexanol finds numerous applications in industries. One of its major uses is as a precursor or starting material for the production of nylon. It is also used as a plasticizer and a stabilizer in the manufacture of paints, varnishes, and lacquers. Additionally, cyclohexanol serves as a homogenizer for soaps and detergents and is an important intermediate chemical in the production of various compounds, including hexanedioic acid, hexamethylenediamine, and caprolactam.
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Cyclohexanol is an organic compound
Cyclohexanol, also known as cyclohexan-1-ol, 1-cyclohexanol, Naxol, hexahydrophenol, cyclohexyl alcohol, hydroxycyclohexane, Hyddralin, and hexalin, is an organic compound. It is a secondary alcohol with the chemical formula HOCH(CH2)5 or C6H11OH. It is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in air, typically using cobalt catalysts. This process forms cyclohexanone, and this mixture, called KA oil (short for ketone-alcohol oil), is a key feedstock for the production of adipic acid. Cyclohexanol is also produced by the hydrogenation of phenol.
Cyclohexanol is a deliquescent, colorless solid with a camphor-like odour and a low melting point of 25.2°C. It melts into a syrupy, viscous liquid and has a boiling point of 161.1°C. Cyclohexanol is soluble in water, with a solubility of 37.5 g/L at 25°C. It produces a weakly acidic solution.
Cyclohexanol has a variety of industrial applications. It is used in the preparation of nylon and as a plasticizer and stabilizer in the manufacture of paints, varnishes, and lacquers. It is also employed as a homogenizer for soaps and detergents.
As an important intermediate chemical, cyclohexanol is widely used in the production of various compounds, including hexanedioic acid, hexamethylenediamine, and caprolactam. These chemicals are the main raw materials for producing polymers such as Nylon 6,6 and Nylon 6. Cyclohexanol is, therefore, a highly demanded raw material in the chemical industry, with significant attention given to its synthesis and catalyst research.
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Cyclohexanol is soluble in water
Cyclohexanol, an organic compound, is soluble in water. It is formed when one hydrogen atom on the cyclohexane ring is replaced by a hydroxyl group (-OH), making it an alcohol. This compound exists as a deliquescent, colorless solid with a camphor-like odor. When in a pure form, it melts near room temperature.
The solubility of cyclohexanol in water is relatively low, at 36 g/L, but it is still significantly more soluble than hexan-1-ol, which has a solubility of 5.9 g/L. The higher solubility of cyclohexanol compared to hexan-1-ol can be attributed to the greater ratio of hydrophilic to lipophilic areas in its molecular structure. Cyclohexanol has a smaller total surface area, allowing it to dissolve better in water.
The hydroxyl group (-OH) in cyclohexanol is hydrophilic, which is the main reason why cyclohexanol is soluble in water. On the other hand, the lipophilic chain in cyclohexanol does not have an affinity for water. The balance between these hydrophilic and lipophilic areas plays a crucial role in determining the solubility of cyclohexanol in water.
While cyclohexanol is only moderately toxic, it is important to consider its toxicity when working with this compound. The Threshold Limit Value for the vapor concentration of cyclohexanol over an 8-hour period is 50 ppm, and the IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health) concentration is set at 400 ppm based on studies on acute oral toxicity in animals.
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Cyclohexanol is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol is a secondary alcohol, with the chemical formula HOCH(CH2)5. It is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in air, using cobalt catalysts. This process also forms cyclohexanone, and the mixture, known as KA oil, is primarily used to produce adipic acid.
The cyclohexanol molecule is derived from cyclohexane by replacing one hydrogen atom with a hydroxyl group. This process can be adjusted to favour the formation of cyclohexanone instead. Cyclohexanol can also be produced by the hydrogenation of phenol.
The direct hydration of cyclohexene is one of the main traditional routes for cyclohexanol production. This method involves an additive reaction between cyclohexene and water. However, the immiscibility of cyclohexene and water leads to a low conversion rate and production efficiency. To address this issue, reactive distillation has been applied to increase the production rate of cyclohexanol. This is achieved by continuously removing the product to break the limitation of the equilibrium reaction and promote the forward reaction.
Cyclohexanol is a precursor to nylon and is produced in millions of tonnes annually for this purpose. It is a deliquescent, colourless solid with a camphor-like odour and a melting point near room temperature.
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Cyclohexanol is used in the preparation of nylon
Cyclohexanol, an organic compound, is formed when one hydrogen atom on the cyclohexane ring is replaced by a hydroxyl group (-OH). This compound exists as a deliquescent colorless solid with a camphor-like odor, which, when very pure, melts near room temperature. It is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in air, typically using cobalt catalysts. This process co-forms cyclohexanone, and this mixture ("KA oil" for ketone-alcohol oil) is the main feedstock for the production of adipic acid, a key component in nylon production.
Millions of tonnes of cyclohexanol are produced annually, primarily as a precursor to nylon. It is an important feedstock in the polymer industry, serving as a starting material for various plastics and nylon. Small amounts are also used as a solvent.
Cyclohexanol is used as an intermediate in producing adipic acid, which is crucial in nylon production. It also improves the properties of lacquers and paints by maintaining homogeneity and enhancing flow and gloss.
Additionally, cyclohexanol can be produced through the direct hydration method, which involves reacting cyclohexene with water via an additive reaction. However, this method has its limitations due to the immiscibility of cyclohexene and water, resulting in a low conversion rate. To address this issue, reactive distillation has been employed to increase the production rate of cyclohexanol by continuously removing the byproduct and promoting the forward reaction.
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Frequently asked questions
Cyclohexanol is an alcohol. It is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in air, typically using cobalt catalysts.
The chemical formula for cyclohexanol is HOCH(CH2)5 or C6H11OH.
Cyclohexanol is a deliquescent colorless solid with a camphor-like odour. It has a melting point of 25.2°C and a boiling point of 161.1°C. It is soluble in water, with a solubility of 37.5 g/L at 25°C.
Cyclohexanol has various industrial applications. It is used as a raw material in the production of nylon and other polymers. It is also used as a plasticizer and stabilizer in the manufacture of paints, varnishes, and lacquers.
