Lena Savoie
2-chloro-2-methylpropane is an organochloride with the formula (CH3)3CCl. It is a colourless, flammable liquid that is sparingly soluble in water. When dissolved in water, it undergoes hydrolysis to form tert-butyl alcohol, a type of alcohol formed from a reaction called the Lucas test, which is used to identify primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. This raises the question: Is 2-chloro-2-methylpropane a primary alcohol?
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| IUPAC Name | 2-chloromethylpropane |
| Less Systematic Name | tertbutyl chloride |
| Formula | (CH3)3CCl |
| State | Liquid |
| Colour | Colourless |
| Flammability | Flammable |
| Solubility in Water | Sparingly soluble |
| Hydrolysis Product | tert-butyl alcohol |
| Uses | Precursor to other organic compounds, preparation of tert-butylphenol and neohexyl chloride |
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What You'll Learn
2-Chloro-2-methylpropane is an organochloride
The chemical formula for 2-chloro-2-methylpropane is (CH3)3CCl, which can also be written as C4H9Cl or C4H8Cl. The molecule has a butyl group attached to a chlorine atom. The butyl group is a radical of butane, an alkane with a four-carbon chain, and the chlorine atom is a halogen. This combination of an alkyl group and a halogen makes 2-chloro-2-methylpropane an organohalogen compound.
Organochlorides are a subclass of organohalogen compounds, which are organic compounds that contain at least one halogen atom bonded directly to a carbon atom. Halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Organochlorides specifically refer to organic compounds with one or more carbon-chlorine bonds.
The presence of the chlorine atom in 2-chloro-2-methylpropane distinguishes it from other types of compounds, such as primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohols. Alcohols are classified based on which carbon atom is bonded to the hydroxyl (OH) group. If the hydroxyl group is bonded to a primary carbon atom (bonded to only one other carbon atom), it is a primary alcohol. If the hydroxyl group is bonded to a secondary carbon atom (bonded to two other carbon atoms), it is a secondary alcohol, and if it is bonded to a tertiary carbon atom (bonded to three other carbons), it is a tertiary alcohol.
In summary, 2-chloro-2-methylpropane is an organochloride compound with a specific chemical structure and naming conventions. It is not a primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol, as it does not contain a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom. Instead, it belongs to the class of organohalogen compounds, specifically organochlorides, due to the presence of a carbon-chlorine bond in its structure.
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It has the formula (CH3)3CCl
The chemical compound with the formula (CH3)3CCl is more commonly known as tert-butyl chloride or tert-butylchloride. It has a molecular weight of 92.57 and a CAS number of 507-20-0.
This compound is an organic compound and an organohalogen. It is a colourless, sweet-smelling, and flammable gas. Tert-butyl chloride is a crucial reagent in industrial chemistry and is used in the production of dimethyldichlorosilane and related organosilicon compounds. It is also used as a solvent in the manufacture of butyl rubber and in petroleum refining.
Tert-butyl chloride has a variety of other applications, including as an extractant for greases, oils, and resins, and as a propellant and blowing agent in polystyrene foam production. It also has medical applications, such as being used as a local anaesthetic and as an intermediate in drug manufacturing.
In addition, tert-butyl chloride is used in the synthesis of other compounds, acting as a methylating and chlorinating agent. For example, it is used in the production of methylcellulose.
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It is a colourless, flammable liquid
2-chloro-2-methylpropane, also known as tert-butyl chloride, is indeed a colourless liquid. It has a slight odour and is insoluble in water. The vapours of this chemical may form explosive mixtures with air, so caution is advised when handling it. This compound is not a primary alcohol.
The structure of an alcohol can be classified based on which carbon atom is bonded to the hydroxyl group (-OH). If the hydroxyl group is bonded to a primary carbon atom (carbon bonded to only one other carbon atom), then the compound is classified as a primary alcohol. However, in the case of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane, the compound does not contain any hydroxyl groups, and therefore, it cannot be classified as a primary alcohol.
The IUPAC name of this compound is 2-chloro-2-methylpropane, and it has various alternate names, including tert-butyl chloride, 2-chloroisobutane, 2-methyl-2-chloropropane, and chlorotrimethylmethane. The systematic name is often preferred for clarity and precision in chemical nomenclature.
The chemical formula of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane is C4H9Cl, reflecting its molecular structure. This compound is part of a broader family of organic compounds known as haloalkanes, which are characterised by the presence of one or more halogen atoms (such as chlorine) bonded to an alkyl group. Haloalkanes have a general formula of CXNY, where X represents the number of carbon atoms, Y represents the number of hydrogen atoms, and the difference between X and Y indicates the number of halogen atoms present.
While 2-chloro-2-methylpropane is not a primary alcohol, it is still an important chemical compound with various applications. It can be used as a solvent, a reagent in organic synthesis, and a building block for more complex molecules. Additionally, it serves as a precursor or intermediate in the production of certain pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other specialised chemicals.
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It is sparingly soluble in water
2-Chloro-2-methylpropane, also known as tert-butyl chloride, is a colourless liquid that is insoluble in water. This means that it does not dissolve easily in water and has low water solubility.
The solubility of a substance is its ability to dissolve in a given solvent, in this case, water. Solubility is often described as either 'sparingly soluble', 'soluble', or 'insoluble'. When a substance is sparingly soluble, it means that only a small amount of the substance can dissolve in the solvent. In contrast, a substance is considered soluble when it can dissolve in a solvent to a significant extent, and insoluble when it does not dissolve at all.
The solubility of a substance in a particular solvent depends on the chemical nature of both the substance and the solvent. In general, polar solvents tend to mix with polar substances, and non-polar solvents tend to mix with non-polar substances. Water is a polar solvent due to the presence of oxygen-hydrogen bonds, which result in slightly negative and positive ends. This polarity allows water to dissolve a wide range of ionic and polar compounds.
However, 2-chloro-2-methylpropane is a non-polar substance. This is because it is an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, which form non-polar covalent bonds. As a result, 2-chloro-2-methylpropane does not interact well with the polar water molecules and is therefore sparingly soluble in water.
The insolubility of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane in water is a key factor in its applications and reactions. For example, it is used as a reagent in organic synthesis and as a chlorinating agent to convert alcohols into chlorides. Additionally, 2-chloro-2-methylpropane reacts with water in three steps to form other compounds, demonstrating its reactivity and involvement in chemical processes.
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It is used to make other organic compounds
2-Chloro-2-methylpropane, also known as tert-butyl chloride, is a versatile and valuable chemical compound with a wide range of applications. It is commonly used as a reagent in the synthesis of various organic chemicals and plays a crucial role in the production of pharmaceuticals, fuel additives, and other chemical products.
One of the key characteristics of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane is its reactivity as an alkyl halide. It undergoes nucleophilic substitution reactions, where the chlorine atom is replaced by other nucleophiles such as hydroxide (OH–) or alkoxides (RO–), resulting in the formation of new compounds. This property makes it ideal for introducing alkyl groups into other compounds during organic synthesis.
In organic chemistry experiments, 2-chloro-2-methylpropane serves as a versatile solvent due to its ability to dissolve many non-polar compounds. Its low boiling point makes it particularly useful in reactions that require a low-boiling-point medium. It is also used as a starting material in organic synthesis reactions, contributing to the creation of diverse chemical products.
The compound finds extensive use in industrial applications, particularly in the production of fuels and pharmaceuticals. Its role as an effective chlorinating agent is notable, where it converts alcohols into chlorides when combined with the ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide.
While 2-chloro-2-methylpropane offers numerous benefits in chemical synthesis and industrial processes, it is important to handle it with caution due to its flammability and potential health hazards. Proper safety measures must be followed when working with this compound to ensure safe and effective handling in laboratories and industrial settings.
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Frequently asked questions
2-Chloro-2-methylpropane is an organochloride with the formula (CH3)3CCl. It is a colourless, flammable liquid that is sparingly soluble in water.
No, 2-chloro-2-methylpropane is not a primary alcohol. It is an organochloride that can undergo hydrolysis to form tert-butyl alcohol, a tertiary alcohol.
A primary alcohol is an alcohol molecule in which the hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to only one other carbon atom. Propan-1-ol is an example of a primary alcohol.
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