Lena Savoie
Witch hazel extract is a popular cosmetic ingredient, often used for its toning and astringent qualities. Commercially available witch hazel extract is typically preserved with isopropyl alcohol, which is best suited for external use. However, some may prefer to use witch hazel extract without the presence of alcohol. To create an alcohol-free witch hazel extract, one can follow a process of distillation using the twigs and bark of the witch hazel plant, resulting in a product with strong antioxidant and soothing astringent properties. This guide will explore the steps to create and utilize an alcohol-free witch hazel extract, including methods for extraction, preservation, and various applications for skincare and hair care.
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| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Type of alcohol in witch hazel extract | Isopropyl alcohol |
| Alcohol content in store-bought witch hazel extract | 12-16% |
| Alcohol content for shelf-stable witch hazel extract | Minimum 20%, some sources suggest 30% |
| Alcohol content in Mountain Rose Herbs' witch hazel extract | 14% |
| Alcohol-free witch hazel extract | Available |
| Alcohol substitute in homemade witch hazel extract | 80-proof vodka |
| Alcohol content in homemade witch hazel extract | 25% |
| Alcohol preservation method | Pour the vodka-infused extract into amber-colored bottles to protect it from light |
| Alcohol storage temperature | 55-65°F (13-18°C) |
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What You'll Learn
Using ethyl alcohol as a preservative
Witch hazel extract is often preserved with isopropyl alcohol, which is best suited for external use. However, you can make your own witch hazel extract at home and use ethyl alcohol or ethanol as a preservative.
Ethyl alcohol is a well-known microbicidal preservative and is safe for human consumption in very small amounts. It is often used in beverages and can be sprayed directly onto food products prior to packaging to inhibit the growth of mould, yeast, and bacteria. When used as a preservative, the goal is to find a concentration that inhibits microorganisms without destroying the cell structure of what you are preserving. For example, a concentration of 70% alcohol and 30% water is often used for preserving biological specimens, as there is enough water to keep tissues hydrated and enough alcohol to prevent mould and bacterial growth.
When making your own witch hazel extract, you can use 80-proof vodka as a preservative, which contains ethyl alcohol. Ethyl alcohol is gentler on the skin and, when prepared properly, is safe for limited internal use. To make a shelf-stable witch hazel extract, you will need to add at least 20% alcohol, with some sources recommending a higher concentration of around 25% for a 1-2 year shelf life.
To prepare your homemade witch hazel extract, pour the vodka-infused extract into amber-coloured bottles to protect it from light and help maintain its potency. Store the bottles in a cool, dark place with an ideal temperature of 55-65°F (13-18°C). If properly preserved, your witch hazel extract should last 1-2 years. However, discard it if you notice any off smells, mould, or cloudiness, as these signs indicate that it has gone bad.
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Alcohol-free alternatives
Witch hazel extract is known for its antimicrobial and astringent properties and is commonly used for skin and hair care. While it can be made at home, witch hazel extract is also easily available in stores. However, the pre-packaged variety often contains very little actual witch hazel and is mostly composed of alcohol, which acts as a preservative. If you're looking for alcohol-free alternatives, here are some options:
Thayer's Witch Hazel
Thayer's is a popular brand that offers alcohol-free witch hazel products. Their line includes both scented and unscented options, often infused with aloe as a moisturiser. Thayer's products can typically be found in health food and organic markets, and their website provides a store locator to help you find a retailer near you.
Homemade Witch Hazel Extract
Making your own witch hazel extract is another way to ensure an alcohol-free alternative. The process involves using witch hazel twigs or bark to create a water extract, which can be used both internally and externally. Here are the steps to make your own:
- Harvesting: Carefully clip small branches or twigs from the witch hazel plant, being mindful to minimise damage to the plant.
- Preparation: Remove the twigs or bark from the plant, being cautious to avoid potential pests or diseases.
- Extraction: Create a water extract by simmering the twigs or bark in water. The Chestnut School of Herbs recommends using the twigs and bark of witch hazel as a medicinal herb.
- Storage: To maintain freshness, remove as much plant material from the extract as possible. Store it in the refrigerator and use it within a week.
It is important to note that homemade witch hazel extract without alcohol will have a shorter shelf life. If you prefer a longer-lasting product, you can add alcohol to your homemade extract. However, this will make it unsuitable for internal use.
Alternative Preservatives
If you decide to make your own witch hazel extract and want to include a preservative, you can consider using ethyl alcohol, which is gentler on the skin and safe for limited internal use when prepared properly. 80-proof vodka is a good option for ethyl alcohol and will give your extract a longer shelf life.
Other Options
Some people suggest that the astringent properties of commercial witch hazel products come from the alcohol content rather than the witch hazel plant itself. If you're looking for astringency without alcohol, you can explore alternatives such as alum, which provide a similar effect without the presence of alcohol.
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Shelf life of alcohol-free witch hazel
Alcohol-free witch hazel is a natural distillate made from the witch hazel plant using a steam distillation process. It does not contain pure ethyl alcohol, a preservative found in other formulations, and is therefore more susceptible to degradation.
The shelf life of alcohol-free witch hazel can vary depending on its chemical formulation, packaging type, and storage environment. Unopened, it can last anywhere from two to three years, assuming it is stored under the proper conditions. Once opened, the shelf life may decrease as the product is exposed to air, contamination, and temperature fluctuations.
To maximize the shelf life of alcohol-free witch hazel, it is important to keep the container tightly closed and store it in a cool, dry, and dark place, away from direct sunlight or humidity. Additionally, amber or opaque bottles can protect against light exposure, helping to slow oxidation and compound breakdown.
In general, alcohol-free witch hazel is expected to remain effective for around two years. However, it is always advisable to check for any changes in scent, colour, or consistency before use, as these can be indicators of product degradation. If there is no expiration date listed on the product, it is recommended to write the purchase date on the container and follow the general guideline of using opened products within six to twelve months.
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Alcohol content in commercial witch hazel
Commercial witch hazel products may contain alcohol, which is used as a preservative and to enhance the extraction of beneficial compounds from the plant. The amount of alcohol in these products can vary, but it typically ranges from 12% to 15%. Some sources suggest that "high-quality" witch hazel products contain around 12-16% alcohol, while others state that regular witch hazel contains approximately 14% alcohol.
It's important to note that alcohol-free witch hazel products are also available. These products are distilled without using alcohol, resulting in no alcohol content. However, even some "alcohol-free" products may still contain trace amounts of alcohol due to the distillation process.
The presence of alcohol in witch hazel can be a concern for individuals with sensitive skin, as it can cause irritation or dryness. Alcohol-based witch hazel products are generally recommended for individuals with oily or acne-prone skin due to their stronger astringent effects. On the other hand, alcohol-free formulations are considered gentler and more suitable for those with dry or sensitive skin.
When choosing a commercial witch hazel product, it is essential to read the labels carefully. If you prefer an alcohol-free option, look for products that clearly state "alcohol-free" on the label. Additionally, consider your skin type and choose a product with minimal additives to avoid potential skin irritation. Opting for organic brands that prioritize natural ingredients without synthetic additives is also recommended.
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Using vodka to reduce alcohol content
Witch hazel extract is often preserved with isopropyl alcohol, which is best suited for external use. While commercial witch hazel does offer astringent properties, it may be overly drying and lack the rich, plant-infused qualities of a homemade extract.
To make your own witch hazel extract, you can use 80-proof vodka as a preservative. Vodka contains ethyl alcohol, which is gentler on the skin and, when prepared properly, is even safe for limited internal use. A homemade witch hazel extract will have a deep brown hue from the tannins and other natural compounds drawn from the twigs.
To reduce the alcohol content in your witch hazel extract, you can dilute it with water. However, it is important to note that water provides a prime growing habitat for microbes. Therefore, if you plan to dilute your witch hazel extract with water, you must also include a preservative system to inhibit microbial contamination and growth.
One way to reduce the alcohol content and preserve your witch hazel extract is to use vodka. Vodka, particularly high-proof vodka, can serve as both an emulsifier and a preservative. It can help to mix essential oils with water and prevent the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. Additionally, vodka has the advantage of lacking an odour, allowing it to effectively hold and disperse the scent of the oils.
To determine the precise amount of vodka needed to reduce the alcohol content in your witch hazel extract, you can use a simple calculation. First, multiply the current alcohol percentage by 0.3 to find the target alcohol percentage. Then, divide the target alcohol percentage by 0.1 to calculate the amount of vodka required. For example, if you want to reduce the alcohol content to 20%, you would multiply 0.20 by 0.3, resulting in 0.06. Then, divide 0.06 by 0.1, giving you 0.6, which represents the number of cups of vodka needed to reach the desired alcohol percentage.
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Frequently asked questions
To remove alcohol from witch hazel extract, you can let the mixture sit until the alcohol evaporates. However, this will also remove the preservative effects of the alcohol, so your extract will spoil more quickly. To make a shelf-stable witch hazel extract, use alcohol with a lower percentage of ABV, such as vodka, which contains ethyl alcohol that is gentler on the skin.
Removing alcohol from witch hazel extract can make it more suitable for those with sensitive skin. Alcohol-free witch hazel distillate is known for its ability to soothe and protect the skin, regulate oil production, and ease discomfort from sunburn, blisters, and bug bites.
Your homemade witch hazel extract should be stored in a cool, dark place and used within 1-2 years. If you notice any off smells, mould, or cloudiness, discard it as these signs indicate that it has gone bad.
