Charcoal Filtering: Diy Guide For Distilled Alcohol

Charcoal filtering is a process used to remove organic impurities from alcohol while maintaining its alcohol content. It is commonly used to improve the taste of cheaper varieties of whiskey, bourbon, and vodka. Home-made charcoal filters can be assembled using kits readily available at hardware stores and large supermarkets. The process, also known as leaching, dates back to the 19th century. There are various methods to build a charcoal filter for distilled alcohol. One method involves using a stock pot filled with spirits and powdered charcoal, which is then stirred and passed through a coffee filter. Another method involves using a polycarbonate tube attached to the tap of a plastic container and a cylindrical irrigation filter to capture the filtered alcohol in a glass container. The type of charcoal used, such as activated charcoal or charcoal from sugar maple, apple, or cherry trees, can also impact the filtration process and the final taste of the alcohol.

The difference between charcoal and activated carbon

Charcoal filtering is used to remove organic impurities from cheaper varieties of whiskey, bourbon, and vodka, while the alcohol content of the spirits remains unchanged. Charcoal filters are also used to improve the taste of spirits. Home-made charcoal filters can be assembled using kits readily available at hardware stores and large supermarkets.

Activated carbon is a form of charcoal that has been treated to increase its porosity, thereby increasing its usable surface area. The activation process involves placing charcoal in a tank without oxygen and subjecting it to extremely high temperatures (600-900 degrees Celsius). The carbon is then exposed to different chemicals, commonly argon and nitrogen, and superheated again to 600-1200 degrees Celsius. During this second heating process, the carbon is exposed to steam and oxygen, creating a pore structure that increases its usable surface area.

The increased surface area of activated carbon improves its adsorption capacity. Adsorption is the process by which molecules stick to the surface of a material, as opposed to absorption, where molecules are integrated into a material, like a sponge soaking up water. The larger surface area of activated carbon provides more potential sites for chemical or physical reactions to occur, making it a more effective filter.

When building a charcoal filter for distilled alcohol, it is important to note that the carbon must be suspended in water to ensure effective filtration. This can be achieved by stirring the carbon and water together and creating a whirlpool action. Coffee filters are also commonly used in conjunction with charcoal filters to further enhance the filtration process.

In summary, the main difference between charcoal and activated carbon lies in their physical structure. Activated carbon is a form of charcoal that has been treated to increase its porosity and surface area, resulting in improved adsorption capacity and filtration efficiency.

How to prepare activated carbon

Activated carbon is an essential component of a charcoal filter for distilled alcohol. It is used to remove impurities and unwanted chemicals, thereby enhancing the taste, odour, and colour of the distilled alcohol.

Activated carbon can be prepared in several ways, depending on the specific requirements and available materials. Here is a detailed guide on how to prepare activated carbon:

Choosing the Right Carbon Source

The first step in preparing activated carbon is selecting the appropriate carbon source. Various types of carbon can be used, such as coconut carbon, peat carbon, or stone carbon. Coconut carbon is known for its durability, while peat carbon tends to degenerate faster. If you're using wood, sugar maple, apple, cherry trees, mesquite, or oak are all suitable options.

Preparing the Carbon

Once you've chosen your carbon source, it's time to prepare the carbon for activation. If you're using wood, you'll need to create charcoal by burning the wood in a controlled manner. This can be done through various methods, such as pyrolysis or carbonisation. The goal is to remove volatile compounds and impurities from the wood, leaving behind pure carbon.

Activation Process

The activation process involves treating the carbon to maximise its adsorptive properties. This can be achieved through various methods, but one common approach is to use physical activation. In this method, the carbon is heated or steamed to expand the pores and increase the surface area. This process can be done in a stainless steel pot or saucepan, where the carbon is mixed with hot or boiling water, left to settle, and then repeated several times. The water helps to remove any trapped air and ensures a more effective activation.

Assembling the Filter

After preparing and activating the carbon, it's time to assemble your charcoal filter. You can use a plastic or stainless steel unit, ensuring that you affix filter papers to the bottom. Fill the tube with warm water, and then carefully pour in the activated carbon, tapping the tube to help settle the carbon and remove any remaining air pockets. Flush the system with water to remove any soluble substances before introducing the alcohol for filtration.

Maintenance and Care

Activated carbon can be reused multiple times, but proper maintenance is essential. Clean your activated carbon regularly using heat or steam to remove any accumulated impurities. Store your activated carbon in a cool, dry place to prevent moisture absorption, which can impact its effectiveness.

Preparing activated carbon for a charcoal filter in distilled alcohol requires careful preparation and attention to detail. By following these steps and choosing the right carbon source, you can effectively enhance the quality of your distilled alcohol.

How to assemble a filter unit

To assemble a charcoal filter unit for distilled alcohol, you will need a filter unit, a collection container, a clamp, and coffee filters. You will also need activated carbon and a cylinder with a screw top.

Firstly, prepare the activated carbon by placing it in a bowl or pot and adding water. Stir the mixture and let it settle for an hour or two. Repeat this process 2-3 times, then leave it to sit overnight. The next day, get rid of the excess water, leaving the carbon ready for use.

Next, half-fill the cylinder with finishing carbon and place a filter paper inside. Then, fill the remainder of the cylinder with the prepared activated carbon up to 1/8" of the top. Screw the top on tightly.

Now, you can assemble the filter unit. Place 4-6 coffee filters between the ferrules on the lid of the collection container and the end of the filter unit. Clamp them tightly in place.

Finally, attach the cylinder containing the carbon mixture to the filter unit. Ensure that the cylinder is secure and won't leak. Your charcoal filter for distilled alcohol is now ready for use.

How to clean and reuse charcoal

Charcoal can be reused for a variety of purposes, but it is important to ensure that the charcoal has completely cooled down before reuse or disposal to prevent accidents. Here are some ways to clean and reuse charcoal:

Removing Odors

Charcoal can be used to absorb odors from refrigerators, freezers, or shoes. Place a few pieces of unused charcoal in a perforated bag and put it in the refrigerator or freezer. For shoes, wrap the charcoal in a cloth or sock before placing it inside. This will help eliminate any unpleasant smells.

Fertilizer

If you have additive-free wood charcoal, you can use the charcoal ash as a fertilizer for your plants. The ash contains potash, or potassium carbonate, which is beneficial for many plants. It can also help increase pH levels in the soil. However, use it sparingly and avoid acid-loving plants such as blueberries, azaleas, and hydrangeas, as well as newly planted seeds or seedlings.

Pest Repellent

Charcoal ash can also be used to create a pest repellent spray for your garden. Mix one ounce of ash and one ounce of hydrated lime with a gallon of water, and spray it around your plants and the garden perimeter. This mixture can also help deter lice and mites around chicken coops and outdoor bird cages.

Cleaning Charcoal Grills

To clean a charcoal grill, it is recommended to use a grill cover or store the grill in a garage or shed when not in use, protecting it from the elements. Before cleaning, ensure that the grill is completely cooled down. Start by cleaning the cooking grates with a steel brush, a wadded ball of foil, or a stainless steel scour pad. Then, follow up with a clean, wet rag and a thin coating of oil.

You can also use a degreaser that is safe for food surfaces. Spray it on the grill, let it sit for about 20 minutes, and then scrub with a scour pad. Rinse well with hot water, and consider following up with a wash of hot, soapy water before rinsing again.

Another option is to use a Magic Eraser sponge. Mix hot water with dish detergent, dip the sponge into the solution, and scrub the grill grates. Then, use a towel dipped in the soapy water solution to clean the rest of the grill.

Remember to clean your grill regularly to prevent rust, improve airflow, protect your food from contamination, and enhance the taste of your cooked meals.

How to avoid evaporation

To avoid evaporation during the process of building a charcoal filter for distilled alcohol, the system should be sealed. One way to achieve this is by modifying a cartridge water filter, such as a Randal, and using a food-grade pump to move the liquor. This ensures that the alcohol remains contained within the system and does not evaporate.

When constructing the charcoal filter, it is important to consider the materials used to prevent evaporation. Avoid using plastic, as high-proof alcohol can cause it to become brittle and may result in leakage. Instead, opt for stainless steel or glass components that can withstand the alcohol concentration without compromising the integrity of the system.

The charcoal filter itself should be properly sealed to prevent evaporation during the filtration process. Ensure that all connections and fittings are secure and tight. Use appropriate tubing, such as polycarbonate or stainless steel, to connect the filter to the alcohol source and the collection container. The tubing should be of sufficient diameter, typically at least 38 mm, to allow for effective purification without creating a "wall effect" where the alcohol bypasses the charcoal.

Additionally, the charcoal filter can be placed within a larger container or chamber to capture any potential vapours and prevent them from escaping into the environment. This containment system can be designed with vents or connections to a ventilation system to further mitigate the risk of evaporation.

By following these guidelines and ensuring a sealed system, you can effectively minimise evaporation during the construction and usage of your charcoal filter for distilled alcohol.

Frequently asked questions