Vivian Marlowe
Alcohol stoves have been a common feature on sailboats and powerboats for decades. They are generally compact and use a variety of combustible fuels, including alcohol, kerosene, LPG, propane, and CNG. The use of alcohol stoves on boats is partly due to their safety advantages; alcohol stove fires can be easily put out using water, unlike other types of fuel. However, there are some concerns about the low heat output of alcohol stoves, as well as the offensive odour they can produce and the high cost of alcohol fuel. Modern alcohol stoves have moved away from pressurized burners to non-pressurized burners, which store liquid fuel in an absorbent material rather than a pressurized tank, reducing the risk of flare-ups and overflows that have been associated with older alcohol stove models.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Fuel | Methanol, ethanol, denatured alcohol |
| Safety | Relatively safe as fires can be put out with water |
| Heat Output | Low heat output, about 4,000-4,500 BTU/hour |
| Odor | Offensive odor |
| Water Production | High water production |
| Fuel Efficiency | Low fuel efficiency |
| Cost | Expensive fuel |
| Ease of Use | Easy to use, with adjustable heat settings |
| Maintenance | Requires regular cleaning and replacement of parts |
| Portability | Portable and compact, suitable for small boats |
| Spill Risk | Risk of spills, especially when filling the stove |
| Visibility | Flame is hard to see |
| Types | Pressurized and non-pressurized stoves available |
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What You'll Learn
Types of alcohol stove
Alcohol stoves are popular among sailors and backpackers due to their simplicity, reliability, lightweight design, and low cost. They are also easy to fuel, as alcohol can be purchased from hardware stores, gas stations, auto stores, and outdoor stores.
There are several types of alcohol stoves, which can be distinguished by factors such as pressure, portability, and design.
Non-pressurized vs Pressurized Alcohol Stoves
The two main types of alcohol stoves are non-pressurized and pressurized stoves. Non-pressurized alcohol stoves are simple to use—just fill and light. However, they may not be as powerful as their pressurized counterparts. Pressurized alcohol stoves, on the other hand, can provide more heat and faster cooking times but are more complex to operate and may require a primer pan to light.
Portability
Alcohol stoves are also valued for their portability. They are lightweight and easy to carry, making them ideal for backpacking and camping. The fuel is easily transportable, as it can be carried in disposable plastic water bottles, reducing the overall weight of one's gear.
Design
Alcohol stoves come in various designs, with some being more efficient and easier to use than others. The most basic design is the open jet stove, where alcohol is poured into an open center fuel port and lit. More complex designs include pressurized jet stoves and pressurized side burners, which offer customizable heat output but are more challenging to light and may not be suitable for simmering.
Some popular brands of alcohol stoves include Origo, Seward, ShipMate, Vargo, Whitebox, and Trangia.
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How to light an alcohol stove
Lighting an alcohol stove can be a tricky process, so it's important to be cautious and follow the correct steps. Here's a detailed guide on how to light an alcohol stove safely and effectively:
First, you'll need to fill your stove with fuel. The type of alcohol you use is important; opt for a good grade, and ensure it's the type approved for stoves. Fill your stove about halfway with denatured alcohol, and be sure to wipe away any spillages on the outside of the tank.
Now it's time to light the stove. If you're using a pressurized stove, you'll need to follow the specific instructions for your model, which may involve using a pump to pressurize the tank. For non-pressurized stoves, you have a few options for lighting the fuel:
- Long matches: These can help you avoid getting burnt, but they can be tricky in the wind.
- Lighter: A simple lighter can be used, but it may struggle in windy or cold conditions.
- Ferro rod/striker: This method allows you to keep your hand farther away from the flame, but it can be less reliable in colder temperatures.
- Fire steel: A more reliable option in windy conditions, but be careful not to knock over the stove when striking.
Once the stove is lit, be extremely cautious. The flame of an alcohol stove is often nearly invisible, especially in daylight, so it's crucial to be vigilant. Never leave a burning stove unattended, and ensure everything you need is within easy reach. It's also important to note that you should never add additional fuel to an already-burning stove.
With these steps, you can safely light and use your alcohol stove. Remember always to exercise caution when working with any flammable materials.
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Pros and cons of alcohol stoves
Alcohol stoves are a popular choice for boats, camping, and hiking. They are lightweight, simple to use, and inexpensive. They also burn cleanly, without any smell, soot, or noise. However, there are some drawbacks to using alcohol stoves, such as longer cooking times and the need for a windscreen to protect the flame from the wind.
Pros
Alcohol stoves are lightweight, simple to use, and inexpensive. They are also durable and widely available. Alcohol stoves are also very safe as they can be put out with water in case of a fire. They burn cleanly, without any smell, soot, or noise. The fuel is also inexpensive and readily available.
Cons
The main drawback of alcohol stoves is that they have a lower heat output than other stoves, resulting in longer cooking times. They are also more sensitive to wind, requiring the use of a windscreen to protect the flame. They also have only one flame setting, which can be suboptimal for cooking certain types of meals. The flame is also nearly invisible, which can increase the risk of burns. Additionally, alcohol stoves perform poorly in cold temperatures and are not suitable for winter trips.
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Safety considerations
When using an alcohol stove on a boat, there are several safety considerations to keep in mind:
Firstly, it is crucial to choose the right type of alcohol. Only use alcohol that is specifically approved for stove use, as other types may not burn cleanly and could leave soot or a strong smell. Additionally, ensure that the alcohol is clean and free of any contaminants to reduce the risk of a fire.
Secondly, always handle the fuel with care. Avoid filling the stove while it is still hot, and never refill the canisters while they are attached to the stove. Instead, remove the canisters and fill them away from the stove area to minimise the risk of spills and accidental ignition. Be sure to wipe up any spilled alcohol immediately, as it can easily ignite when lighting the stove.
Another important consideration is to avoid pressurised alcohol stoves. Older pressurised models have gained a reputation for setting anything above them on fire, including the cook. Non-pressurised alcohol stoves are generally considered safer.
Furthermore, it is essential to keep the stove and its components in good condition. Regularly clean the burners to prevent soot buildup, which can indicate incomplete combustion. Additionally, ensure that your stove has flame dispersers on the burners to prevent hot spots. Keep the stove area well-ventilated to avoid the buildup of fumes, which could create an explosion hazard.
Lastly, always follow the specific instructions provided by the manufacturer of your alcohol stove. Different stove models may have unique safety features or requirements, so familiarise yourself with the manual before use. Additionally, keep safety equipment nearby, such as a fire extinguisher or a fire blanket, in case of emergencies.
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Alternative stove options
There are several alternative stove options for boats, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Here are some of the most common alternatives to alcohol stoves:
Electric stoves: Electric stoves have traditionally been found on large powerboats and superyachts, but they are becoming more prevalent on smaller boats as well. They offer a safe and clean alternative to fuel-based stoves, with no risk of fire or fumes. Electric stoves can be expensive, and they require a lot of power, which may not be available on all boats.
Induction hobs: Induction hobs use electromagnetic induction to cook food, rather than direct heat or a flame. This means that the cooktop itself does not get hot, reducing the risk of burns and making it easier to clean. Induction hobs are also efficient and fast, but they require specific cookware with magnetic properties, which can be a disadvantage if you already have a set of pots and pans.
Propane stoves: Propane is a popular choice for boat stoves due to its wide availability, reasonable cost, and high burning temperature. Propane stoves can be safe as long as strict safety measures are followed. However, there is always a risk of fire or explosion with propane, and proper installation and maintenance are crucial.
Butane stoves: Butane stoves are similar to propane stoves in that they burn a gas fuel. Butane is also widely available and reasonably priced. Butane stoves are known for their simplicity and ease of use, and they burn hotter than alcohol stoves. However, they may not be as powerful as some of the other options.
Diesel stoves: Diesel stoves are preferred by some boaters for their safety and low fuel cost. Common models include the Wallas 85 and 87 series. These stoves do not use a naked flame, and fumes are directed out of the boat. However, they require electrical power for start-up, and they may not be suitable for all boat types.
In addition to these options, some boaters may choose to install solar ovens, multi-fuel stoves, or even central heating systems similar to those found in homes. Each alternative stove option has its own unique set of advantages and disadvantages, and the best choice will depend on factors such as boat type, available space, and personal preferences.
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Frequently asked questions
Denatured alcohol, methanol, ethanol, or methyl hydrate are all fuel options for alcohol stoves.
Alcohol stoves are compact, relatively safe, and easy to use. Their flames can be extinguished with water, and they do not produce carbon monoxide.
Alcohol stoves have a low heat output, can be difficult to light, and may produce an offensive odour. They are also more expensive to run than other types of stove.
If your stove has a removable canister, fill it halfway with denatured alcohol, then return it to the housing. If your stove has a reservoir, fill it with fuel, then light the wick.
